A recent study published in The Lancet Oncology reveals that infections play a significant role in cancer development, contributing to one in eight new cancer cases globally. The research conducted by The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identified an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases in 2024 linked to various infectious agents.
Among the infectious agents, Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium known for increasing the risk of stomach cancer, accounted for the highest number of cases globally, predominantly in eastern Asia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was another prominent contributor, causing a substantial number of cervical cancer cases worldwide, with high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were associated with a significant proportion of liver cancer cases.
The study expanded the list of cancers linked to infections, identifying 16 additional types. Notably, new evidence highlighted the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in causing nasopharyngeal cancer, some gastric cancers, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Researchers emphasized the need for increased awareness of the impact of infectious agents on cancer development, especially in regions with limited access to prevention and treatment resources. Efforts to combat infections like HPV and Helicobacter pylori through vaccination and screening programs have shown success in high-income countries.
In Canada, a 2019 study estimated that infections contribute to four percent of cancer cases, with over 7,000 new cancer diagnoses annually attributed to these agents. Despite lower prevalence rates, monitoring infections like HPV remains crucial for cancer prevention efforts.
Health experts stress the importance of vaccination and screening programs to reduce the burden of infections like HPV and Helicobacter pylori, which can lead to severe health consequences if left untreated. Collaborative strategies between healthcare providers and communities are essential in implementing effective screening initiatives for high-risk populations.
Overall, the study underscores the growing significance of infections as cancer risk factors and the urgent need for comprehensive prevention measures to combat the rising incidence of infection-related cancers globally.